In the Quest for Cultural Authority

Dynamic Chiropractic
December 16, 2004, Volume 22, Issue 26

In the Quest for Cultural Authority

by Joseph C. Keating Jr., PhD; Thomas E. Hyde, DC, DACBSP; J. Michael Menke, MA, DC; David Seaman, DC; Richard E. Vincent, DC; and Larry H. Wyatt, DC, DACBR

Problem Statement

Chiropractors yearn for greater respect and acceptance from the public, health care policy-makers and other professionals. To achieve this goal (i.e., cultural authority), DCs must first build good faith with these constituencies by developing higher standards of professional behavior, including adoption of a scientific epistemology, commitment to evidence-informed practice and accountability, frankness and balance in public relations and marketing, and a much-expanded course of rigorous scientific investigations. Indeed, this last point is an ethical mandate for any profession: to critically assess and share its clinical gifts with the rest of world.1
We believe that one of the most significant barriers to the development of "cultural authority"2 for DCs is our traditional dedication to a scientifically unsubstantiated (and largely untested) construct: the subluxation. Exemplary of this steadfast adherence to an unproved theory are the declarations concerning subluxation issued by the Association of Chiropractic Colleges (ACC) in its 1996 position paper.3 Comprised of the various presidents and deans of North American chiropractic schools, the ACC defined the profession in terms of its orientation to the traditional "chiropractic lesion." Popularly known as the ACC Paradigm, the position paper and its subluxation definition were "constructed by a process of consensus to serve as a collective political statement, not a research hypothesis."4 The intended purpose of the ACC Paradigm, as we understand it, was to foster greater unity in our historically divided profession. In this respect, we suppose, it has accomplished its purpose to some extent. In the years since, the document has been endorsed by a number of national and international organizations, including the American Chiropractic Association, the International Chiropractors' Association and the World Federation of Chiropractic.

Unfortunately, the statements concerning subluxation offered by the ACC conflict with commonly accepted scientific standards, and function to diminish the credibility of the profession. Although spinal manipulation has enjoyed some considerable success in controlled outcome studies and reviews of its usefulness for patients with low back pain (LBP),5-7 neither the cause(s) of LBP nor the mechanism(s) of its relief by adjusting are well-established.8 Evidence of the value of spinal manipulation for problems other than LBP is less extensive,9-10 and the role that subluxation (or other forms of joint dysfunction) may play in causing and/or providing relief through adjusting is uncertain. Accordingly, we believe that the ACC's assertions concerning subluxation, however well-intended, lack scientific credibility and play a significant role in preventing the profession from reaching its full potential as a credible health care art and science.

The ACC Paradigm statements concerning subluxation typify the scientifically unjustified assertions made throughout the profession.11-14 We believe that persecution and professional ostracism are the inevitable consequences of the currently indefensible clinical and physiological theories propounded by many DCs as core tenets (i.e., a priori truths or "principles"). We propose that a significant "rethink" is in order. . . .



We bring much of this ridicule upon ourselves, knowingly or unwittingly, by what we say to one another and how we portray ourselves to the public we serve. The authors are not so naïve as to suggest that interprofessional turf protection, allopathic arrogance and economic competition do not also enter into the equation. However, it does seem that a great many of the bullets aimed at us are of our own manufacturing. Much of this ammunition derives from our lack of restraint in making claims for the chiropractic healing art.


(There's more)

(Emphasis - PL)

**************************

Comments on "In the Quest for Cultural Authority "

Michael Kastberg afsløret -- igen!

For dem som ikke er bekendt med den type menneske, som Michael Kastberg tilsyneladende er, her er nogle af hans mærkelige, truende, forsøg på at stoppe kritik af hans kvaksalveri, nonsense, og udnyttelse af syge mennesker:

Her er nogle uddrag fra Sidsels blog:

Jeg følger dine skridt nøje, og det samme gør nu en advokat. Du har langt overskredet grænsen for, hvad man kan tillade sig, at udbrede til offentligheden, i form af et direkte og ondsindet angreb. Du aner ikke hvad du har med, at gøre…….tro mig, du kommer til, at trække i land. Jeg helmer ikke før du er blevet dømt for injurier, og offentligt har dementeret dine svinske udsagn om såvel mig, som om min klinik.

Dit angreb er åbentlyst meget personligt rettet imod mig. Jeg frygter absolut ikke et åbent opgør med dig…..Enhver der læser dine indlæg i denne sag kan da se, at du går efter manden, uanset, at du samtidig gør en masse syge mennesker fortræd….især de, som er kommet godt videre, i kraft af min deltagelse. Hvorfor bespotter du ikke også det etablerede ? Men de helbreder jo sikkert alle….hvorfor er der så en så desperat søgning til f.eks. min klinik ? Jeg hører hver dag beretninger, som siger mig, at det står langt værre til, end jeg nogen sinde har forestillet mig. Som jeg har skrevet før til dig; kom og læs mine dokumentationer….det siger sig selv, at ingen er så vanvittig, at hævde dét jeg gør, uden en sandfærdig underbygning. Jeg har indbudt dig, men du vil ikke…..tro ikke, at du slipper udenom af den grund.

Venligst,
Michael Kastberg

Posted by: Michael Kastberg at 13.03.2004 20:04


Lyder han som et menneske man kan stole på? Han truer og forsøger at intimidere. Manden er åbenbart ikke vant til kritik, og den korrekte måde at håndtere det, som er at svare punkt for punkt, uden ad hominem angreb.


Sidsel; du har startet en debat, som hverken jeg eller andre vil tillade, at du måske vælger, at trække dig ud af igen. Du vil blive holdt fast på din rolle i denne sag.

Til Tok : jeg respekterer din holdning.

Michael Kastberg

Posted by: Michael Kastberg at 14.03.2004 11:48


Nu tror han at han kan bestemme hvad der er tilladt! Sikken frækhed.

Han fortsætter:

PS : jeg opfatter stadig dine tidlige indlæg stærkt injurerende, og det var ikke ment som en trussel, men blot til orientering, at jeg har bedt en advokat følge med også. Du holder måske selv af sådanne ubehøvlede konfrontationer….jeg gør ikke. Det er simpelthen for lavt ! Tænk på hvor langt du kunne havde nået med lidt venlighed istedet.

Michael Kastberg

Posted by: Michael Kastberg at 16.03.2004 17:06



Jeg truer ikke Sidsel med bål og brand…jeg har sagt, at jeg vil retforfølge hende, såfremt hun fortsætter med, at sprede løgne om mig. Det samme ville hun uden tvivl også gøre den anden vej, hvis jeg satte så meget kompromiterende igang offentligt.
Som jeg ser det nu, skal det åbentbart lykkes Sidsel, at hverve “støtter” rundt om, så hun kan udvide sit forehavende. Jeg venter roligt hvad der måtte komme….og skal nok være forberedt.
Jeg ved, at jeg aldrig har lovet nogen en helbredelse….men faktum er, at en hel del af mine klienter, er beviseligt raske idag….også alene ved hjælp af mine metoder, som i kombination med andet.
Debatten er aldeles relevant….der er mange uhæderlige profitmagere…. Sidsel har bare valgt den forkerte, at overfalde. Hvis man taler sandt, kan man altid huske, hvad man har sagt…. jeg står ved alt.

Venligst,
Michael Kastberg

Posted by: Michael Kastberg at 21.03.2004 16:30


Nu spørger jeg så Sidsel og andre : hvad er den skjulte dagsorden bag jeres korstog? Jeg elsker livet og det gør mange andre også. Skal jeg virkelig trædes så hårdt på, at jeg, ligesom da jeg kæmpede for mit eget liv på sygehuset, må opbyde alle mine rsourser til forsvar i denne svinske, personlige hetz. Jeg vandt sidste gang ( været rask siden 1989 ), og giver mig heller ikke denne gang.
Sidsel er ikke værd, at spilde min tid på, men Morten Spiegelhauer vil få noget, at se til. Dog håber jeg, at det bliver i form af et omfattende seriøst journalistarbejde han kan være stolt af. . . .

Posted by: Michael Kastberg at 04.07.2004 20:44


Her får Kastberg svar på tiltale!:

Herr Kastberg, den 13, marts 2004: Hvad er det for noget med at true med advokat og injuriesøgsmål? Hvorfor dog så fornærmet og selvophøjet? Der er blevet stillet nogle simple og direkte spørgsmål, som går på nogle kontroversielle påstande, og som vel for den, der sidder inde med informationen, er nemme at besvare. Når man kommer med påstande og ikke vil underbygge dem, så må man finde sig i, at folk ikke tror på påstandene. Desuden består gerningsindholdet i straffelovens § 267 om injurier i at krænke en anden ære ved fornærmelser eller sigtelser. Så vidt jeg kan se, har frk. Sidsel hverken fremsat fornærmelser eller sigtelser, men blot stillet kritiske spørgsmål. Noget andet er, at injurier er underlagt privat påtale, jf. straffelovens § 275, jf. §§ 267, 268 og 270, så der er ingen grund til at melde TV2 til politiet. Og hvorfor begynde at angribe den etablerede lægevidenskab? Det er ikke den, der er emnet for diskussionen.

Herr Kastberg, den 14. marts 2004: ”Det er rigtig nok en stor kamel, at sluge, tanken om, at den videnskabelige forskning nu møder en mere logisk og naturlig forklaring.” Mere ’logisk’ og naturlig? Grunden til, at så mange er skeptiske over for parasitteorien er da netop, at den strider mod al ’logik’.

”Det injurerende i hendes indlæg på hendes side er, at hun på et falsk grundlag, offentligt, prøver på, at kompromitere mig.” Her lader herr Kastberg som om, han allerede har tilbagevist frk. Sidsels argumenter. Hvad er det for en måde at argumentere på?

”Alene sproget, afslører, at hun har en skjult dagsorden.” Frk. Sidsel formulerer sig sagligt og til sagen. Herr Kastberg, derimod, formulerer sig truende, nedladende, bedrevidende og undvigende. Hvis der er en skjult dagsorden her, så er den da vist at rette personangreb mod frk. Sidsel for derved at undgå at svare på nogle enkle spørgsmål.

”Sidsel blander tingene groft sammen ( jer er ikke Hulda Clark, jer er heller ikke Hulda Klinikken i Ballerup. og slet ikke denne Dalsmund/Lundsdam, som på det skammeligste har forledt en håbløs syg ung pige ud i et tragisk behandlingsforløb, netop kritikløst ud fra Hulda´s bøger, uden egen erfaring eller viden.” Frk. Sidsel har aldrig påstået, at herr Kastberg er hverken frk. Clark eller herr Dalsmund/Lundsdam. Hvordan kan herr Kastberg tillade sig implicit at betragte det som fakta, at han besidder erfaring og viden, når han hver gang, der bliver spurgt ind til det, bliver fornærmet og fornærmer tilbage? Og hvorfor denne tilsvining af en kollega, der opererer på sammenligneligt grundlag med sammenlignelige metoder?

”Det skulle da også være pokkers, om man efter mange års studeren, nu må se på, at der en en anden naturlig virkelighed, som menneskeheden har overlevet på, tusinder af år før kopieringen af naturen blev igangsat. Man kan så undre sig over, hvorfor tusindår gamle indianerkulturer stadig eksisterier… og hvorfor disse indianere ikke før har kendt til begrebet cancer….ikke før de blev tvunget til, at antage den hvide mands levevis.” Hvad er nu det for noget? Hvilken ’anden’ virkelighed er der tale om? Måske indianere ikke har kendt til begrebet cancer, fordi de ikke vidste, hvad de skulle kalde det? Måske den hvide mand ikke har kendt til begrebet cancer, indtil han fandt på navnet? Måske cancer ikke har det fjerneste at gøre med natur/syntese-konflikten?

”At der så efterhånden er mange, som er blevet hjulpet til regulære helbredelser, bekræfter kun, at jeg har fat i det rigtige. Det er disse dokumentationer Sidsel kun vil se, såfremt hun kan få det lagt ud på nettet til spot og spe. Kom til mig, og du skal få en overraskende sandhed på bordet.” Spot og spe? Hvordan hænger det sammen med, at ’disse dokumentationer’ beviser herr Kastbergs påstande? ’Overraskende sandhed’? Hvorfor er det, at visse misforståede ’genier’ holder deres revolutionerende viden for dem selv, når offentliggørelse ville medføre bedring af verdens befolknings sundhed og rigdom og berømmelse for geniet?

”Her er en opfordring til Sidsel : slip dit ego lidt, og vis, at du er reelt interesseret i, at sikre menneskers mulighed for andet end dét de allerede har gennemgået som ren tortur på krop og psyke. Nej; det er ikke injurende, at være skeptisk, men Sidsel har ikke evnen til, at se tingene fra mere en een synsvinkel…..” Hvem er det nu, der fremsætter injurier? Lær dog at tale ordentligt til folk.

Posted by: TG at 24.08.2004 16:50


Godt svaret, TG!

TG fortsætter:


Herr Kastberg, den 14. marts 2004: ”Titlen, læge, er desværre ikke nogen garanti i sig selv, men repræsenterer en anden synsvinkel i forb. med sygdom generelt.” Ja, en synsvinkel, der er underbygget af forskning og resultater i modsætning til påstande og pseudovidenskab.”Hvordan skal jeg kunne forvente, at mit materiale vil blive behandlet seriøst, da jeg indtil nu ikke har oplevet noget i den retning ? En anden ting er, at det kræver en grundig indføring i flere retninger, før man kan ventes, at forstå hvad jeg egentlig står med og for.” Jeg tror, at der ikke er nogen som helst fare for, at frk. Sidsel behandler seriøst materiale med den seriøsitet, det fortjener. Hovedkilden til herr Kastbergs oplevelse af useriøsitet er hans egne skriverier. ’En grundig indføring i flere retninger, før man kan ventes at forstå’? Hvilke retninger? Hvor dumme tror herr Kastberg egentlig, at vi er, og hvor klog tror han egentlig, at han selv er? Noget siger mig, at herr Kastberg aldrig har præsteret et dårligt eksamensresultat, men højst har mødt eksaminatorer, der ikke var smarte nok til at følge med på hans intelligensniveau og derfor har givet ham dårlige karakterer.

”Bortset fra det, er jeg vist en rar og omgængelig fyr, med sans for god humor også….” Ja, ok humor; jeg grinede i hvert fald længe…

”Jo; Sidsels fremgangsmåde er aldeles til skade for den sunde og fordragelige debat….jeg vil betegne hende som en ubehøvlet ballademager. Hvis hun ville noget alvorligt, så havde hun nok valgt en anden form for opmærksomhed.” Hvad skal jeg skrive? Tsktsk…

”Sidsel tog forøvrigt imod min indbydelse med kravet om, at hun så vil have lov til, at lade alt optage på bånd, med henblik på offentliggørelse i DR.” Man behøver ikke tilladelse til at optager samtaler, som man selv deltager i, jf. straffelovens § 263, stk. 1, nr. 3.

Herr Kastberg, den 15. marts 2004: ”Jeg synes stadig, at du har opført dig særdeles uheldigt. Du kommer ikke lang med mig på en sådan nedladende facon. Jeg håber, at du har indset, at behørig respekt fremmer til indforstået dialog.” En forbløffende evne til at spille offer samtidig med, at man sviner andre folk til.

”Dine bemærkninger om “bodyguard osv.” placerer dig på et lavt niveau som menneske. Det afslører, at du ikke er i besiddelse af følelsesmæssig intelligens, men åbenbart kun intellektuel intelligens, hvilket er ensbetydende med begrebet, kold.” Dette er den mest tumpede bemærkning, jeg længe har set. Den afslører, at herr Kastberg ikke er i besiddelse af nogen form for intelligens. Det virker, som om herr Kastberg træner til at blive leder af en sekt. Er næste skridt, at herr Kastberg tilbyder frk. Sidsel et par kurser, der kan afhjælpe hendes åbenbare mangel på menneskelighed, til den beskedne sum af 500.000,00 kr.?

”jeg ved et sådant møde med dig, vil indvie dig i nogle overraskende detaljer” Hvorfor dette hemmelighedskræmmeri? Er der tale om oplysninger, der truer statens sikkerhed eller menneskehedens eksistens?

”Jeg kan se, at du ikke kun langer heftigt ud efter mig….du skyder til højre og venstre, som om du er noget særligt. Hvad er egentlig næring for en sådan opførsel ? Hvor ender du, hvis ikke een som jeg f.eks. , bevarer min velvilje, og stadig, dine ord til trods. lukker dig ind.

I mine øjne, er du eksemplet på en desorienteret person, som krampagtigt klamrer sig til noget, andre har ytret, og som du nu fører dig frem på. Hvis det så kan få andre med på vognen, står du ikke længere alene med det, og kan derpå piske en stemning yderligere op. Hvem er du ? Jeg fornemmer, at du faktisk lige så vel kunne være min fortaler , som min modstander. Gid du havde den fornødne viden og indsigt i de ting du buser ud med.” Ja, herr Kastberg, du er sandelig en frelser…tsktsk…

Posted by: TG at 24.08.2004 16:51


Ja, TG er ret god til at analysere.

Han fortsætter med at analysere andre indlæg, og det kan altsammen læses på Sidsels blog. Hvis han skulle være advokat, kunne jeg tænke mig at se ham pille Kastberg fra hinanden i retten!

Min mening om Kastberg? Jeg stoler ikke på manden, for at sige det mildt. Hans handlinger er uvidenskabeligt, langt under den mest enkel medicinsk standard, uetisk, og sandsynligvis strafbare, men den sidste må afgøres i en retssal. Det er nok bare et spørgsmål om tid før hammeren falder. Jo hurtigere jo bedre. Han er slet ikke kvalificeret til at behandle syge mennesker.

Følgende er blevet sagt om Hulda Clark, og det gælder sandelig også for Michael Kastberg:

"The author's belief that she has perhaps transcended our current admittedly basic understanding of humankind's maladies is unconvincing when the writings show lack of evidence of current understanding. The best science fiction should stretch, or even step beyond, current understanding of science." - Dale Rasmussen


For at skære det ude i pap:

Man har simpelthen meget svært ved at tro en person (f.eks.) der påstår at 5+5=23.

Det bliver endnu mere vanskeligt, når de også påstår at 5+5+5=7!

For at opnå bare en lille smule troværdighed i videnskabelig og medicinsk sammenhænge, kræves det at man beviser

1) at man har en meget god forståelse af grundlæggende fysik, anatomi, fysiologi, og patologi,

før man kan overhovedet få eksperter til at lytte til en når man påstår at

2) alle kræft er forårsaget af parasitten Fasciolopsis Buskii, og at der er isopropylalkohol i alle kræft patienters væv.

Hverken Hulda Clark eller Michael Kastberg har tilnærmelsesvis opfyldt de mest fundamentelle krav i nummer ét, så hvorfor i alle verden skulle man lytte til dem når de påstår nummer to?

Endnu vigtigere......Hvorfor tillade dem at behandle en, når de påviseligt er så mangelfuld i deres viden?



PS: Hulda Clark død d. 3. September 2009 af multiple myeloma (en blod og knogle kræft). Temmelig ironisk!

Michael Kastbergs forvandling

Mere fra woo-woo land:

Så nu har Michael Kastberg begyndt at bruge akupuntur! Ih ha! Jeg er godt nok imponeret....(not) ..;-) (Undskylde, men jeg kan ikke skjule min sarkasme.)

Sidsel har noteret Kastbergs forvandling fra en discipel af kvaksalver Hulda Clark, til en akupunktur behandler:
http://www.groveloejer.dk/sidsels/archives/000689.html

> Mogens Winther skriver:
>
> Interessant - hr Kastbergs akupunktør diplom
> er underskrevet af vores gode gamle kending,
> "Professor" John Boel.
>
> God fornøjelse :
> http://www.skeptica.dk/2004/hartling.htm
>
> /MW
http://www.groveloejer.dk/cgi-bin/midlertidig.cgi?entry_id=689

For at sige det mildt, Boel er ikke ligefrem én jeg kunne have tillid til, og jeg ville ikke tør lade ham behandle mig for noget sygdom.


Mere om Boel:

"Nu har den alternative branche aldrig været bange for at smykke sig med snurrige titler. Mens de ukyndige elever hos "Open University" blev hasteudnævnt til "doktorer" - har Care projektets opfinder John Boel fra samme sted modtaget intet mindre end titlen "Professor Doktor".

Open University professor titlen er benyttet i talrige danske, engelske og tyske reklamer - af såvel hr Boel som andre danske behandlere. Kunne det ikke friste os alle ? - sådan en guldrandet professor doktor titel med speciale i Kinesisk krydder-medicin, magnet healing-terapi, samt medicinsk astrologi ?

Værsgod - nul adgangsbegrænsning, kun få ugers leveringstid ! I discount udgaven kan professor doktor titlen fra International Open University kun 700 Dollars. Skal der lidt mere sildesalat på visitkortet løber udgifterne op nær 4000 Dollars - lidt dyrt, men mon ikke beløbet kan trækkes fra i skat ?

Den sorte liste

Jo, alt er åbenbart muligt i denne danske behandlerbranche. Alt kan åbenbart lade sig gøre i vores danske alternativ-branche. I forbindelse med CARE cancerbehandlingen har "professor doktor" Boel reklameret for injektion af stoffet 714X , et præparat der er strengt forbudt i for eksempel USA." (kilde)


Boels website:
http://www.akupunktur2000.dk/

Google (dansk søgning): "john boel"


Kastberg fortsat tilbyder resonansterapi, som er ligeså meget fup nu som før: http://www.giveakupunkt.dk/resonans.htm

Kastberg tilbyder Boels "Akupunktur 2000", som er ligeledes nonsens, med masser af falske påstande:
http://www.giveakupunkt.dk/behandli.htm


Han går fuldt og fast inde for Boels "Akupunktur 2000":

"Akupunktur 2000 er en ny videnskab. Det kan ikke sammenlignes med Klassisk Kinesisk Akupunktur, da det er helt andre principper, der ligger til grund for Akupunktur 2000.

Det eneste det har tilfælles med alle andre akupunkturformer, er, at man bruger nåle.

Resultater fra dagligdagen viser, at Akupunktur 2000 har en dramatisk effekt på en lang række lidelser. Fx behandling af blinde og svagtseende som dokumenteret andet sted på denne hjemmeside." http://www.giveakupunkt.dk/piskesm.htm


Kald det hvad man vil, Akupunktur 2000 er stadigvæk underlagt dansk lovgivning vedr. akupunkturbehandling.

Hvis Kastberg (eller Boel) udfører akupunktur uden om en direkt henvisning fra patientens læge, bryder han loven. Dvs han skal *personligt* have en direkt samarbejde med lægen, og hvert behandling må kun udføres efter *direkte* henvisning fra lægen. Han må ikke udføre akupunktur behandling på hvemsomhelst, kun på netop *den* patient, som er blevet henvist direkte til *ham personligt* af lægen.

Patienter som henvender sig til Kastberg, uden en henvising, kan få Kastberg retsforfulgt, hvis han udfører akupunktur af noget art på dem. Hvis det sker, opmuntrer jeg dem til at melde ham til myndighederne. Her er en opgave for journalister.

Eksistensen af såkaldt akupunktur "punkter" har aldrig været bevist. De er ikke en del af den kendt anatomi. Selv indenfor de troendes verden, er der ikke enighed om deres antal eller placering.


Kastbergs manglende viden

På denne side nævner han en hele masse af tilstande, som han kalder for "de mest almindelige gigtsygdomme", men mange af dem har intet at gøre med gigt. Igen viser han sin manglende viden:
http://www.giveakupunkt.dk/gigtside.htm

På denne side indrømmer han at han "er som bekendt håndværker og ikke videnskabsmand." Det kan man kalde en underdrivelse!:
http://www.giveakupunkt.dk/slidgigt.htm

Jeg er ikke overbevist om at Kastberg er andet end en opportunist, som forsøger at udnytte stakkels mennesker. Han mangler selv det mest fundamentale viden om anatomi, fysiologi, og patologi, og skulle ikke behandle nogen for sygdom. Jeg ville ikke tillade ham i nærheden af mine hunde!

BOOP (Bone Out Of Place)

This guy is the webmaster who deleted the whole works! It was one of the greatest (besides http://www.planetchiropractic.com/ ) sources of chiro nonsense around:

Gino Curcuruto

Here's his website:
http://www.chirogino.com/

It's a real doozy of a straight site, with the classic chiro BS:

"However, because the bones of your spine are moveable, they can - and often do - misalign. These spinal misalignments are a major source of interference to the flow of life messages between your brain and body. Immediately, the cells of your body begin the process of dying.Additionally, these spinal misalignments can occur for a multitude of reasons and, tragically, you rarely feel them."


He's not listening to some of his fellow chiros, who reject the BOOP (Bone Out Of Place) concept (yes, there are a few sensible chiros!):

If Not Nerve Interference, Then What? Mechanical Low Back and Neck Pain? Not Good Choices
by David Seaman, DC, MS, DABCN

In my previous two articles, I explained why it is essentially impossible to have nerve interference.1,2 To summarize, nerve interference is described, by modern-day advocates of this concept, as a reduction of neural or mental impulses, which occurs in response to a bone-out-of-place (BOOP) subluxation. The reduced impulses are always referred to in the context of outgoing information from the brain and spinal cord to the organs. This theory neglects the obvious: What about symptoms like pain, headaches, nausea and malaise, which occur in response to increased nociceptive activity, or findings such as high blood pressure that occur in response to increased sympathetic activity? Clearly, the BOOP subluxation model fails miserably when considered in the light of basic neuroscience facts.

Notice that I wrote that the BOOP subluxation model fails; nothing was said about failure of the adjustment to be beneficial to the body. BOOP subluxationists become angry and defensive when the BOOP model of subluxation is criticized. Not surprisingly, I received several letters riddled with ad hominem attacks - most unsigned - after my last three articles on the subluxation complex.

The reactionary nature of certain BOOP subluxationists is to accuse those who don't buy into the BOOP model of being anti-chiropractic - an astonishing leap of ignorance, to say the least. Furthermore, anyone who does not buy into the model is trying to "medicalize chiropractic" - another example of low-IQ thinking. And if tears do not well up in your eyes when you hear the phrase, "The power that made the body, heals the body," you are accused of having no passion for chiropractic - still another example of depressed, frontal-lobe activity. Even worse, if you don't buy into every bizarre, New Age, tree-hugging notion that comes down the pike and is circularly attached to subluxation, you will be accused of being an atheist - an excellent example of the need for psychiatrists and the drugs they prescribe.

Not all BOOP subluxationists fit the psychotype described in the previous paragraph. The more rational chiropractors who embrace the BOOP model feel that it keeps us from being characterized solely as "back pain specialists," and I agree with this concern. In other words, I don't think we should be locked in a low-back-pain box, and the evidence clearly suggests that patients suffer with numerous vertebrogenic symptoms besides back pain.3-5 That being said, it is important to also state that mechanisms associated with visceral symptom generation do not occur because of BOOP subluxation and nerve interference; visceral symptoms occur because of dysafferentation,3-5 which is why the BOOP model needs to be upgraded.
(source)


You may wonder why some of our skeptics think chiropracTIC is a cult when they hear these ridiculous "So What?" statements like ADIO, BOOP, Innate, "a body without nerve interference works better than a body with a bullet in its head," and other ol' chiro cliches that have been passed on for decades among our chirovangelists in the BJ Palmer branch of the chiropractic tree. (source)


Returning to rehabdocs concern, I actually didn’t say all chiros base their model of treatment on the subluxation “bone out of place” aka BOOP model, I said that the state laws are based on it.
(source)


Plenty of exam questions, including ones about the BOOP:
http://tinyurl.com/4oqgg


Search: boop chiropractic -betty

FACE group segregates and bans critics

FACE group segregates and bans critics

Here's the latest message from the webmaster(?):

In an effort to improve this message board for those interested in OSC/non-therapeutic chiropractic, the FACE Advisory Board has voted to have me make some changes here.

We have made the message board private. While registration is free, it will also be required to both view and post on this board.

The detractors section has been removed for now.

Sorry if this bothers or upsets anyone. Years ago, this board was a very productive and important resource for those who support FACE. Unfortunately, it has been overrun by those who are not interested in productive discussion or in furthering the mission of FACE. The Advisory Board will no longer allow this to take place. Take this however you like, either as a welcomed change or fair warning.


I take this as a clear red flag -- we are dealing with a cult. They have circled their wagons so far that they are biting themselves in the ass. In fact, they are practicing craniosacral therapy - cranium in sacrum.......



Read the whole discussion about this at Chirotalk

Innate intelligence: its origins and problems

Innate intelligence: its origins and problems

Lon Morgan, DC, DABCO

Animal Magnetism and Radionics were among several occult practices used during the 19th century for the treatment of disease. D.D. Palmer was exposed to these teachings and derived many of his ideas about health from the folk medicine practices of his time.

As a "magnetic healer" Palmer believed he was correcting an undefined fifth force in the body that is otherwise unknown to science. Palmer believed he could influence this fifth force, termed Innate Intelligence, and that it was the explanation for the presence or absence of health.

Today, Innate Intelligence remains an untestable enigma that isolates chiropractic and impedes its acceptance as a legitimate health science. The concept of Innate is derived directly from the occult practices of another era. It carries a high penalty in divisiveness and lack of logical coherence.

The chiropractic profession must decide whether the concept of Innate should be retained.
(JCCA 1998; 42(1):35-41)

KEY WORDS: chiropractic, manipulation, innate.

**********************


Lon Morgan, DC, is a reform chiropractor. In spite of the historical opposition to vaccination by chiropractic and chiropractors, Lon Morgan has one of the best anti-vaccination debunking sites around:

Issues in Immunization - Lon Morgan, DC

The Politics of Health Fraud

In that view, “alternative,” “holistic,” and “New Age” are just euphemisms for the unproven, nonscientific approaches...


The Politics of Health Fraud
Medicine and modern magic
By Bryce Buchanan

The March 8 meeting of Oregonians for Rationality featured Salem Joe Schnabel discussing fraudulent medical treatments. His Doctor of Pharmacy degree from Purdue, hospital experience, and position as a member of Oregon�s Naturopathic Formulary Council have given him expertise in traditional drug therapy, as well as "alternative" therapies. Schnabel has served on the Naturopathic Formulary Council since it was established by the Oregon legislature in 1989. The Council's job is to determine which drugs should be legal for naturopaths to prescribe.

Schnabel defined fraudulent treatment as "the intentional use or promotion of drugs or treatments which have not been proven to be beneficial for the condition for which they are used or promoted." He noted that mainstream medicine certainly has it's share of fraudulent and unscientific practitioners and did not want to imply "alternative" practitioners had a monopoly on fraud. He reported that the total cost of medical fraud per year in this country is 44 billion dollars.

It was surprising to learn there are only two schools of naturopathy in the U.S. and they are both in the Northwest, one in Portland and one in Seattle. There are only eight states which have Naturopathy Practice Acts. Nevada had statutory recognition of naturopaths for a short time but recently repealed the law. Formal legal recognition by the state can be valuable to the profession and broadens their powers. For example, naturopaths cannot prescribe medications unless the state specifically allows it. State recognition also strengthens the claim for health insurance coverage.

Other alternative practitioners such as homeopaths and chiropractors are more widely trained and distributed across the country. In reference to homeopathy the term “trained” may be an overstatement. It may be more accurate to say that you can proclaim yourself to be a homeopath and thus be one. A seminar or two will add to your credentials. Diploma mills are eager to send diplomas (for a fee) in fringe specialties. Schnabel reported on an acquaintance whose cat has a Doctor of Nutrition diploma.

Those who sell alternative treatments often rely on testimonials to give credibility to their methods, Schnabel said.

We have all seen testimonials and anecdotes used to support things for which there is no scientific support. If you pay attention to health fraud stories you notice that when the most outrageous practitioners are shut down by a government agency there is a storm of protest from true-believer patients. This devotion may be partially explained by some of the things Schnabel discussed. He noted that alternative practitioners generally spend much more time with their patients than do traditional physicians. Listening to patients and projecting empathy and concern builds patient loyalty. People who are accustomed to being rushed through a traditional medical office will welcome a health care provider who seems to care more about them as an individual.

There is also a group of patients who are unwilling to accept that modern science does not have a cure for every human ailment. Alternative medicine, on the other hand, does have a cure for every ailment. Or so it seems from their promotional literature. According to a brochure from a fringe physicians’ group in Nevada, “There are no incurable diseases, only ignorant physicians” (Consumer Reports, 1990). The non-ignorant practitioners on the fringe would like to share their wisdom, usually “ancient wisdom,” but the evil monopoly of conventional medicine does not allow this. Alternative providers’ sales brochures often have headlines like, “129 Amazing Medical Secrets Your Doctor Won’t Tell You,” and “Remarkable Cures CENSORED By Knife-Happy Surgeons and Greedy Drug Companies!” (Health and Wellness Today, Summer 1995).

If alternative practitioners successfully portray themselves as caring people with a solution for every problem, then we can expect their power and popularity to continue to grow. Their lobbying efforts have succeeded in establishing an Office of Alternative Medicine in the National Institutes of Health, despite the fact that many alternative health care groups are openly mystical and blatantly anti-science. Schnabel said that in his work on the Naturopathic Formulary Council he noticed the word “science” upset the naturopaths. Their practice encompasses so much more than science, they explained.

Nor do they do not want science to be the judge of the value of the medications they sell. As it now stands, the strict requirements for proof of safety and efficacy that standard drugs must satisfy are not required for such things as homeopathic medicines (see Homeopathy, p.7). Oregon House Bill 3340 attempted to make a nonscientific standard the law in Oregon. The bill stated alternative therapies must be, “shown to be effective in medical literature,” or “in the personal experience of the physician.” So it can either be demonstrated in controlled experiments that a treatment works, or you can just say that you think it works. This bill passed, but was vetoed by Governor Kitzhaber, a medical doctor. The legislature, however, overrode the Governor’s veto, making it the law.

Schnabel also discussed how conventional drugs come to market. There are three phases of testing, followed by a review and recommendation from an advisory panel. Approval is followed by promotion of the drug, which he says can be deceptive. Physicians and pharmacists may rely too heavily on drug company salesmen when they evaluate a new drug. According to Schnabel, the pharmaceutical industry is the number one lobbying group in Salem.

A wise consumer of medical care, advised Schnabel, should be skeptical; ask about the benefits and risks of any proposed treatment; ask for documentation of claims if you want to know more; ask to see the credentials of the care giver whenever there are doubts; and become informed about the proposed drugs, including their specific purposes, their possible side effects, any generic alternatives, the cost, and exactly how and when they should be taken.

Oregonians for Rationality member, Tom Owen, made an astute comment. He asked what the word “alternative” refers to, noting that if a treatment is shown to be effective it becomes part of scientific medicine. He wondered if “alternative” was simply an identifier for non-scientific treatment in an effort to justify the treatment?

In that view, “alternative,” “holistic,” and “New Age” are just euphemisms for the unproven, nonscientific approaches which stand in clear distinction to the rational, scientific approach to medicine.

A Common Sense Proof That Hulda Clark Does Not Have A Cure For Cancer

A Common Sense Proof That Hulda Clark Does Not Have A Cure For Cancer
by Albin Kristy
Where Are All The Cured People?

Good vaccination links

Good vaccination links

Six Common Misconceptions About Vaccination
Addressing Concerns Regarding Immunization and Vaccines: Questions, Answers and Issues, The Division of Immunization, Population and Public Health Branch, Ottawa, 1996

Childhood Vaccinations: What Every Parent Should Know
Readers Digest, Goldbloom RB, May 2000

Meningococcal Disease
From the Meningitis Research Foundation of Canada

Comparison of Effects of Diseases and Vaccines
Canadian Immunization Guide 5th Edition 1998, Population and Public Health Branch, Health Canada

Update: Vaccine Preventable Diseases
Population and Public Health Branch, Health Canada

Thimerosal in Vaccines
Information from the Manitoba Health Public Health Branch

Statement on Thimerosal
Canada Communicable Disease Report Vol. 25 (ACS-7) 1 December 1999

Canadian Immunization Awareness Program
Immunization information, schedules, questions & answers, promotional materials

Canadian Immunization Guide
1998, 5th Edition, Health Canada

Centers for Disease Controls and Prevention
United States: MMWR, Emerging Infectious Disease Journal, CDC Prevention Guidelines, Travel Health & Publications

CDC - National Immunization Program
An Overview of Vaccine Safety

CDC - National Immunization Program
Diseases that Vaccines Can Prevent in Infants and Children & Adults, The Importance of Immunization, Why Immunize? Benefits of Immunization, Diseases still exist, 10 things you should know: How Vaccines Work, ACIP Statements, Vaccines in Development, Pregnant Women, Vaccine Side Effects

CDC - National Immunization Program - Vaccine Safety
Research: Confounding in Studies of Adverse Reactions, The Guillain-Barré Syndrome and the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 Influenza Vaccines, Impact of Anti-Vaccine Movements on Pertussis Control: The Untold Story

CDC - National Immunization Program - ADDITIVES IN VACCINES

CDC - National Immunization Program
Vaccines and Autism, Diabetes and Vaccinations How Vaccines Work Rotavirus Vaccine, Hepatitis B Vaccine, Vaccines and Thimerosal, What Would Happen If We Stopped Vaccinations, What You Should Know About Vaccines

CDC
Diseases that Vaccines Can Prevent in Infants and Children & Adults, The Importance of Immunization, Why Immunize? Benefits of Immunization, Diseases still exist, 10 things you should know: How Vaccines Work, ACIP Statements, Vaccines in Development, Pregnant Women, Vaccine Side Effects

CDC - Vaccine Safety Research
Confounding in Studies of Adverse Reactions, The Guillain-Barré Syndrome and the 1992-1993 and 1993-1994 Influenza Vaccines, Impact of Anti-Vaccine Movements on Pertussis Control: The Untold Story

CDC - National Immunization Program
Guillain-Barré Syndrome (GBS) and Influenza Vaccine

Chiropractors and Vaccination: A Historical Perspective
James B. Campbell, PhD*, Jason W. Busse, DC, MSc§, and H. Stephen Injeyan, DC, PhD, PEDIATRICS Vol. 105 No. 4 April 2000, p. e43

Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
Course Textbook, 6th Edition (The Pink Book) comprehensive CDC text on pathogenesis, epidemiology, and immunization for 13 vaccine-preventable diseases

Health Canada - Population and Public Health Branch, formerly LCDC
CCDR's, What's New, Immunization, Infectious Diseases, Disease Surveillance

Immunization Action Coalition
(U.S. source)Photos of People with Vaccine Preventable Diseases, Vaccine Myths, Needle Tips, IAC EXPRESS - free e-mail news service

The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
How do vaccines work, how vaccines are made, avoiding the pain of shots, when and when not to use vaccines, are vaccines still necessary

The Institute for Vaccine Safety
Current vaccine issues including, Thimerosal, polio vaccine and HIV

World Health Organization
About the Who, Health topics, information sources, related links, reports

WHO - Hot Topics
BSE and oral polio vaccine, Rotavirus and intussusception, Thimerosal, SV40 virus and polio vaccine, Hepatitis B vaccine and MS, Hepatitis B vaccine safety questioned in the United States, MMR and autism, Hepatitis C in Egypt

WHO - Vaccine Safety - General information
How do vaccines work? Vaccines are not contaminated, Impact of the anti-vaccines lobby, Questions about the triple vaccine (DTP), What you may have heard about vaccines and what you should know, Eight things you need to know about immunization Vaccine safety

WHO - 6 Common Misconceptions About Immunization

WHO - Adverse Events and Useful facts and figures about commonly used vaccines
Adverse events: Asthma, Autism, Cancer, Crohn's Disease, Diabetes, Intussusception, Thimerosal

American Medical Association
Vaccine safety, Vaccines Do Not Cause Autism, ACIP reports, articles

National Vaccine Program Office
US site with extensive information for parents and the general public on immunization includes an overview of immunization, a glossary of terms relating to vaccines and immunization, common questions and answers, details on vaccine-preventable diseases, information on the safety of vaccines, as well as tips on evaluating information on immunization

Understanding Vaccines
US publication by the National Institutes of Health/National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases that discusses the benefits of vaccination, how vaccines and the immune system work, different types of vaccines, and how vaccines are developed and tested presents information in an easy-to-understand format


Source: http://www.gov.mb.ca/health/meningitis/parents.html

Chiropractors and vaccination

Chiropractors and vaccination: a historical perspective. Pediatrics 2000
PEDIATRICS Vol. 105 No. 4 April 2000, p. e43

Abstract:

Although there is overwhelming evidence to show that vaccination is a highly effective method of controlling infectious diseases, a vocal element of the chiropractic profession maintains a strongly antivaccination bias. Reasons for this are examined. The basis seems to lie in early chiropractic philosophy, which, eschewing both the germ theory of infectious disease and vaccination, considered disease the result of spinal nerve dysfunction caused by misplaced (subluxated) vertebrae. Although rejected by medical science, this concept is still accepted by a minority of chiropractors. Although more progressive, evidence-based chiropractors have embraced the concept of vaccination, the rejection of it by conservative chiropractors continues to have a negative influence on both public acceptance of vaccination and acceptance of the chiropractic profession by orthodox medicine.



Of course the chiropractors have responded in their typically paranoid way:

Statement in response to attacks by pediatric publications
http://www.wcanews.com/archives/2000/May/may0100wca.htm

Recently, there has been a concerted effort in the medical pediatrics community to malign and misrepresent chiropractic. Almost simultaneously, Pediatrics, the journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics, and The Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, published by the American Medical Association (AMA), have printed articles which attack chiropractic for its century-old positions relating to vaccinations and pediatric care.


************************************

Attitudes toward vaccination: a survey of Canadian chiropractic students
CMAJ • June 11, 2002; 166 (12)

Abstract:

Background:
Although the Canadian Chiropractic Association and the Canadian Memorial Chiropractic College (CMCC) endorse vaccination, the prevalence of anti-vaccination attitudes among Canadian chiropractors is unknown. This study describes the prevalence of anti-vaccination attitudes among Canadian chiropractic students.

Methods:
An 11-item questionnaire about attitudes toward vaccination was distributed to students enrolled at CMCC during the 1999/2000 academic year. The responses for the 11 items were then summed to arrive at a total score ranging from 0 (most negative attitude toward vaccination) to 22 (most positive attitude toward vaccination). Respondents' perceptions of sources of vaccine information were also investigated.

Results:
Over 75% of the students (467 of 621) completed the questionnaire. Most students (53.3%) reported that in general they agreed with vaccination. This was especially true among first-year students (60.7%). However, among fourth year students, only 39.5% agreed with vaccination. The proportion of respondents who stated that they were against vaccination in general was 5 (4.5%) of 112 first-year students, 10 (8.3%) of 121 second-year students, 16 (13.9%) of 115 third-year students and 35 (29.4%) of 119 fourth-year students. The mean scores on the questionnaire were progressively lower with each higher year of study at the College. The mean survey scores for each year of study were first year, 15.9 (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.2–16.6); second year, 16.1 (95% CI 15.3–17.0); third year, 14.5 (95% CI 13.5–15.4); and fourth year, 12.8 (95% CI 11.7–13.9). The mean scores varied among year of study and were statistically significant using one-way ANOVA (p <>

Interpretation:
Most CMCC students reported pro-vaccination attitudes, but there appeared to be an increase in anti-vaccination attitudes as students progressed through the CMCC program. This pattern was seen almost exclusively among students who relied primarily on informal sources of vaccine information rather than on core CMCC lectures or prior lectures at university.


*****************************

Vaccination Issues: Putting Them in Proper Perspective
Dynamic ChiropracticMay 18, 1998, Volume 16, Issue 11

While no vaccine is 100 percent safe or effective, immunization has dramatically reduced the incidence of numerous diseases with high childhood morbidity to less than one percent of former levels in many countries, eradicated smallpox, and has saved countless millions of lives worldwide. Some members of the chiropractic profession are still unwilling to accept this fact despite overwhelming scientific evidence supporting it.21 This attitude by a small and outspoken minority contributes to an unwarranted but widespread impression that chiropractors have limited education, training or perspective in basic science and public health.22,23 We anticipate no change in this pattern until certain chiropractic organizations and institutions set their prejudices aside and work for the benefit of the public on the grounds of professional, objective and valid examination of the evidence for and against immunization.


********************************

Randy Ferrance, DC, MD on vaccination

Good comments on the vaccine issue by Randy Ferrance, DC, MD, with this closing paragraph:

"BJ was wrong about other things, too. We, as a profession,
need to stop paying such overblown homage to a
dead Davenport grocer and his megalomaniac son. We
need to wake up and smell the data. Otherwise, the world
will leave us behind where we will, rightfully, belong."

Here's the link: http://www.jcca-online.org/client/cca/JCCA.nsf/objects/Volume+47-1-2/$file/Pages04-07.pdf


More from Randy:
Vaccinations: how about some facts for a change?


For more information about vaccinations and the dangerous agenda of the anti-vaccination fanatics:

The Quack-Files: VaxLinks - Immunization Resources

Chiropractors and Immunization

Don't buy the lie: Infomercial scam video released.

Don't buy the lie: Infomercial scam video released.

The Electronic Retailing Association has sponsored a humorous but serious 30-second public service video about the making of a
weight-loss infomercial. The video and an accompanying graphic can be downloaded from Diet Scam Watch. Its producer, The Lubow Agency, of Chicago, has given blanket permission for posting to any Web site.

Here it is:

Don't buy the lie

The Realities of Alternative Medicine for Serious Illness: A Guide for Laymen - by Saul Green, Ph.D.

The following article is copyright 1998 by Dr. Saul Green. It may be reprinted with proper attribution and notification to the author.

The Realities of Alternative
Medicine for Serious Illness:
A Guide for Laymen

By Saul Green, Ph.D.

About the Author


Many serious diseases are not detectable in their early stages. When symptoms do appear, the attempted cures may be painful, disabling or mutilating and most certainly will be costly. If the patient endures the toxicity of chemotherapy, or the disfigurement of surgery and radiation and the treatment fails, then he and his family are left with the terrible anxiety attendent to the continued presence and possible progression of a devastating disease.

In this circumstance, the need for hope is all-powerful. It understandably drives the patient and his family to seek some sort of "alternatives". These desperate and vulnerable people become fair game to the medical charlatans who offer "all natural, safe treatments that heal."

To the fearful patient, healing and curing are one and the same. A high level of intelligence does not guarantee that the patient will recognize the false promise implied by the use of the word "heal". In most cases, questioning of the practitioner will reveal that the word "heal" is used in a spiritual or metaphorical sense rather than a physical one. Charlatons often claim that their therapy stimulates either the "immune system" or some "innate" ability of the body to heal itself. Thus, the charlaton avoids responsibility when the treatment fails by shifting responsibility for the failure onto the patient - a despicable thing to do to someone already facing the trauma of a devastating illness.

Alternative medical treatments flourish because cures for many diseases do not exist and because responsible physicians will not offer false hope of medical miracles. The widespread popularity of alternative treatments is directly related to the inadequacy of many standard treatments; the impatient physician who answers questions brusquely, evasively or not at all; the scientific illiteracy of the public; the desperation of patients; and most significantly, the willingness of sociopaths in our society to take advantage of vulnerable patients.

Alternative treatments encompass a broad spectrum of remedies whose effectiveness has never been proven. Remedies can involve ancient mystical rites from the Far East, the invoking the help of various Gods, the purging of "poisons" with enemas and the injection of extracts from human body fluids, live animal cells, animal tissues, industrial chemicals, raw herbs, escharotics, and gaseous ozone. Homeopaths administer water which they say they have treated to make it "remember the vital essence of some active substance" it once contained but no longer does.

One hallmark of quackery is that practitioners treat patients according to the particular system they favor rather than the distinct clinical conditions of the patient. Proponents will claim their treatment heals everything from cancer to AIDS. Although they will defend the practices of others, rarely if ever will one practitioner recommend some other form of treatment as more efficacious for a particular patient's condition.

The alternative practitioner projects a variety of appealing images of himself to win the confidence of medical consumers. For example,

• As the " Healer", he plays the role of a selfless, caring physician who has no interest in making money. His "grateful patients" then eagerly follow his script whenever there is a legal challenge to his practices. They ignore questions about his credentials and his inept pseudoscience. They swear that their "regular" doctors said, "there was no hope" but still recommended the "cutting, burning or poisoning" treatments of orthodox medicine. They state that these recommendations were all proven wrong when they were "healed" by the treatment of the alternative practitioner.
• As the" Scientist", he poses as a superior researcher whose " medical success" is based on his understanding of the healing arts of the "ancients" coupled with his knowledge of modern medical science. To blunt the impact of the rebuttals he knows his claims will provoke, he assures his "flock" that his concepts are so advanced that, like those of all great scientists in the past, they are not understood by orthodox scientists and so are repudiated.
• As the "Concerned Citizen" he recruits a cadre of wealthy and prominent laymen (industrialists and Congressmen) as supporters. Regardless of why they mistrust established science and medicine, these people forcefully promote their "protege's" interests by lobbying government agencies, raising money, publishing "Newsletters" advertising his treatment and instigating letter writing campaigns that characterize his critics as being against Freedom of Choice and therefore un-American.
  

No one characteristic signals the presence of fraud in medical treatment, but anyone who reviews the bases for the claims can detect it if they understand a few basic principles about evaluating evidence.

Alternative remedies fall into two categories:

1. Substances" which are said to affect cellular functions like the immune system (e.g., Laetrile, 714-X, Antineoplastons, Hydrogen peroxide, Ozone, Hydrazine sulfate). The mechanisms by which these treatments supposedly work have been published, and can be scientifically evaluated.
2. Mystical practices which are used "to call up the patients latent healing powers" (e.g, Chi, homeopathy, accupuncture, chiropraxis, visualization, meditation, faith healing, Kirlian auras, numerology, gem therapy and Kabalah). There is no way to prove that these powers exist and can cause healing, so their acceptance depends entirely on the patients' willingness to blindly believe testimonials.
   

Charlatans depend heavily on patient testimonials as "proof" that their therapies work. However, they know that just offering a new treatment will boost a patient's spirits, cause an increase in appetite and even reduce the perception of pain. These subjective improvements are not proof that a treament works.

Proof comes with supporting and concommitant evidence. It is the consistancy and predictability with which patients respond to a treatment that is significant. Any unpredictable improvement that occurs sporadically may not be due to the treatment itself and therefore cannot be claimed as proof of its efficacy.

Every scientist lives with the challenge," PROVE IT!" To do so, he knows he must present data that supports his conclusions and can be independently reproduced by other scientists. What is relevant in proving the curative value of any treatment is not the reputation of its proponent, the persuasiveness of his theory, the eminence of his political supporters, the anecdotes of his patients or the lack of confidence that layman may have in the medical establishment. It is whether the treatment can be shown to work in rigorously controlled, objectively interpreted independent clinical trials.

The design of a valid clinical trial must include knowledge of the biology of normal tissue, the cause of the disease, the variations of the disease process in different tissues, the biochemical changes which mirror the diseases progress and the means by which investigators can evaluate the effect of the treatment. Clinical researchers must know the chemical composition, tissue specificity, metabolism, toxicity and excretion rates of each of the substances being used so he can integrate this into the patients clinical history and experiences with other medications. Finally each patient must be closely followed for a significant period of time after the treatment ends, so all the significant after effects can be noted. Only after all these conditions are fullfilled can a valid conclusion be reached about the efficacy of the treatment.

In September l990, the NIH Office of Technology Assessment published a review of the wide variety of alternative medical treatments offered in the U.S. for a disease like cancer (ie. Burzynski, Gold, Gerson, Burton, Gonzalez, Revici and others). Although these treatments were entirely different from each other, proponents claimed they evoked the same degree of "healing" in patients. What was of great significance in this was the fact that nowhere in all their claims of support for these treatments, was there mention of their having personally tested and verified the efficacy of any of the treatments they endorsed.

In l992, "true believers" in Congress created the Office of Alternative Medicine at the NIH. Its mandate, they said, was the verification of the effectiveness of alternative treatments. As was pointed out earlier, any appropriately designed clinical trial must contain the means to show that a given treatment might be worthless. Perhaps this is why no attempt has as yet been made by the OAM to clinically evaluate the effectiveness of any alternative treatment.

But independent investigators here and abroad have done so. In well-designed and controlled trials of various alternative remedies (hydrazine sulfate, chelation therapy, laetrile and others) researchers obtained results which clearly demonstrated that those treatments were worthless. Predictably, those conclusions were rejected by those who used these treatments. They charged that the test substances were given incorrectly, that antagonistic drugs were given to negate the effectiveness of the treatment and that the clinical data was incorrectly interpreted. All this, they charged, proved that the Medical, Pharmaceutical and Insurance establishments were engaged in a conspiracy to keep their "safe, effective and inexpensive" new treatments from reaching the public.

Most people are outraged when they discover that they have been victims of fraud. Strangely, this is not the case with those who have been duped into spending huge sums for worthless alternative treatments. They are either too embarrassed by their gullibility to admit it, either to others or to themselves, or they rationalize "gratitude" for the brief respite that the treatment seemed to provide their deceased loved ones. Often they remain among the most adamant proponents of the failed cure.

An examination of medical history illustrates the price patients are willing to pay for hope, even when the hope is false. In his "Medical Essays" (Boston l883) Oliver Wendell Holmes wrote:

• There is nothing that men will not do to recover their health and save their lives. They have submitted to being half drowned in water, choked with gases, buried to their chins in earth, seared with hot irons, crimped with knives, had needles thrust into their flesh, had fires kindled on their skin, and swallowed all sorts of abominations. Then they pay for all this as if scalding were a privilege, blisters a blessing and leeches a luxury. What more can be asked for as proof of their sincerity?

To expose the fraud in the sale of "hope", health care professionals must learn about the claims being made for alternative medical treatments. With that knowledge they can teach the truth to patients that ask. Having the assurance that they are getting the best care possible from a knowledgeable professional who understands their needs and is honestly trying to to solve their clinical problems is the only way to keep patients out of the hands of medical charlatans.

Patients considering alternative therapies for serious medical illness must demand evidence. They must ask the practitioners exactly what they are promising. They must ask what recourse they have if the promised "healing" doesn't occur, and must insist on accountability from the practitioner. If patients could be persuaded to demand evidence and accountability for the effectiveness of an alternative treatment, there would be fewer victims of medical fraud.

Chiropractic position statement (portion)

Portion of old chiropractic position statement:

I still support all attempts to reform the profession, but I also think that it is ultimately futile effort. What such reform attempts can do positively is to make the public and susceptible chiropractors and students aware of the dangers and pitfalls. Attempts at reform should be seen as a rescue mission, not for the profession, but for those in danger of being tricked into accepting it.


Revised version:

I have long stated that I "support all attempts to reform" chiropractic, but that statement has often been considered confusing, in light of the rest of the original sentence -"but I also think that it is ultimately futile effort."

I can understand the confusion, and I hope the following statement will be less confusing.

I support all chiropractors who see themselves as reformers, in their efforts to expose and correct the obviously serious defects and problems in chiropractic. I also hope that they are making plans to get into other fields of endeavor where their talents and effots will be more valued and appreciated. To them, chiropractic is like a ball and chain, and they will always be like a lonely goldfish in an aquarium filled with piranhas. Their efforts will always be combatted by many of their own colleagues, and even if they were to succeed, it would only be a small dent in a huge ship that will keep plowing full speed ahead.

Even if chiropractic were to be purified and cleaned up, what would then be left that was legitimate wouldn't be enough in quantity, value or uniqueness to legitimize the existence of a whole separate profession. The only area where they could have any possibility of providing a service as skilled technicians, would be as spinal manipulators. The only problem is that the real need for this service is very limited, and that skill can easily be learned and added to the existing Physical Therapy profession. In fact, it already is in many countries.

What such reform attempts can do positively is to make the public and susceptible chiropractors and students aware of the dangers and pitfalls. Attempts at reform should be seen as a rescue mission, not for the profession, but for those in danger of being tricked into accepting it.

Since the profession is illegitimate, it should be eliminated and reform-minded chiropractors should seek other pastures.




(This is a work in progress....)

For the rest:

Chiropractic Position Statement & Disclaimer

CEBM - Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation

CEBM - Centre for Evidence Based Medicine:

Levels of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation

Levels of Evidence
Footnotes & References
Recent Comments
Related material on Study Designs and Critical Appraisal
Frequently-Asked Questions about these levels
Download these Levels as an RTF document

Introduction

What are we to do when the irresistible force of the need to offer clinical advice meets with the immovable object of flawed evidence? All we can do is our best: give the advice, but alert the advisees to the flaws in the evidence on which it is based.

The ancestor of this set of pages was created by Suzanne Fletcher and Dave Sackett 20 years ago when they were working for the Canadian Task Force on the Periodic Health Examination [1]. They generated 'levels of evidence' for ranking the validity of evidence about the value of preventive manoeuvres, and then tied them as 'grades of recommendations' to the advice given in the report.

The levels have evolved over the ensuing years, most notably as the basis for recommendations about the use of anti-thrombotic agents [2], have grown increasingly sophisticated [3], and have even started to appear in a new generation of evidence-based textbooks that announce, in bold marginal icons, the grade of each recommendation that appears in the texts [4] in bold icons.

However, their orientation remained therapeutic/preventive, and when a group of members of the Centre embarked on creating a new-wave house officers� manual (see the EBOC page), the need for levels and grades for diagnosis, prognosis, and harm became overwhelming and the current version of their efforts appears here. They are the work of Chris Ball, Dave Sackett, Bob Phillips, Brian Haynes, Sharon Straus, and Martin Dawes with lots of encouragement and advice from their colleagues.

Comments to this latest version are available. More are welcome as these continue to develop.

Periodic updates will appear here, and surfers are invited to suggest ways that they might be improved or further developed.

A final, cautionary note: these levels and grades speak only to the validity of evidence about prevention, diagnosis, prognosis, therapy, and harm. Other strategies, described elsewhere in the Centre’s pages, must be applied to the evidence in order to generate clinically useful measures of its potential clinical implications and to incorporate vital patient-values into the ultimate decisions.

Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine Levels of Evidence (May 2001)

(Large chart)

Chiropractic's Legacy: Palmer Megalomania

Some examples of the megalomania of DD Palmer and his son, BJ Palmer:

"I am the originator, the Fountain Head of the essential principle that disease is the result of too much or not enough functionating [sic]. I created the art of adjusting vertebrae, using the spinous and transverse processes as levers, and named the mental act of accumulating knowledge, the cumulative function, corresponding to the physical vegetative function-growth of intellectual and physical-together, with the science, art and philosophy-Chiropractic. . . . It was I who combined the science and art and developed the principles thereof. I have answered the time-worn question -- what is life?" - DD Palmer(http://www.chirobase.org/12Hx/discovery.html)

"There is a vast difference between treating effects and adjusting the causes. I was the first to adjust the cause of disease. . . . The man who had the intellectual capacity to comprehend the displacement of vertebrae; the mental ability to grasp the significance of nerve impingement; the power to conceive and discriminate between normal and abnormal positions; the foresight and wisdom to discern the outcome; the genius of originality to create such a unique science; the judgment needed for the occasion; the brain caliber capable of reasoning on this heretofore perplexing question--the cause of disease; the sense of touch required to discover a racked vertebra and the skill and tact to replace it, was the one destined to discover the science which he named chiropractic." - Shall Chiropractic Survive?, 1958 (B.J. Palmer quoting his father)


The following account of B.J. Palmer's attitude is likewise quite astounding:

"While attending a meeting at the Hotel Sam Peck (Legacy now) my thoughts drifted back to over a third of a century ago when as a new doctor in this state, I was privileged to be seated at a table with many of the pioneer chiropractors in this state. Dr. Yoder was present, along with Dr. Tina Murphy, Dr. Carl Lindquist and others. They told the story of going to clinic in the early nineteen hundreds at Palmer College in Davenport, Iowa and passing through a door with two pictures above it, one of Jesus Christ and one of B.J. Palmer. Under Christ's picture were the words "HE HEALED FEW". Under B.J. Palmer's were the words "I HEALED MANY". I expressed my disbelief but they all swore it was true." - Dr. Conrad Kaelin (source)


Let's see now.....What was that word again?.....oh, yes! Megalomania! Like father, like son......

Now you'd think that was enough, right? Wrong! It gets even better. Here are a few quotes from one of DD Palmer's letters:


"I occupy in chiropractic a similar position as did Mrs. Eddy in Christian Science. Mrs. Eddy claimed to receive her ideas from the other world and so do I. She founded theron a religioin, so may I. I am THE ONLY ONE IN CHIROPRACTIC WHO CAN DO SO."


"Exemption clauses instead of chiro laws by all means, and LET THAT EXEMPTION BE THE RIGHT TO PRACTICE OUR RELIGION. But we must have a religious head, one who is the founder, as did Christ, Mohamed, Jo. Smith, Mrs. Eddy, Martin Luther and other who have founded religions. I am the fountain head. I am the founder of chiropractic in its science, in its art, in its philosophy and in its religious phase. Now, if chiorpractors desire to claim me as their head, their leader, the way is clear. My writings have been gradually steering in that direction until now it is time to assume that we have the same right to as has Christian Scientists.

Oregon is free to Chiropractors. California gives Chiropractors only one chance, that of practicing our religion.

The protective policy of the U.C.A. is O.K., but that of religion is far better. The latter can only be assumed by having a leader, a head, a person who has received chiropractic as a science, as an art, as a philosophy and as a religion. Do you catch on?

The policy of the U.C.A. is the best that B.J. can be at the head of, BUT THE RELIGIOUS MOVE IS FAR BETTER, but we must incorporate under the man who received the principles of chiropractic from the other world, who wrote the book of all chiropractic books, who today has much new matter, valuable, which is not contained in that book.

If you will watch my book closely as you read, you will find it has a religion contained in it, altho I do not so name it.

If either of the Davenport schools would take advantage of practicing our religion founded by D.D. Palmer, it will make the way of chiropractic as easy as it was for the S.C.'s." - DD Palmer

D.D. Palmer's religion of Chiropractic (Read the whole thing. It isn't long.)

Man is charged in cancer death

Man is charged in cancer death:
He's accused of illegally practicing holistic medicine
By Amy Choate
Deseret Morning News

PROVO — A man who used unconventional treatments for a woman with breast cancer was arrested Tuesday and charged with three third-degree felonies involving unlawful practicing of medicine.

David Eugene Pontius, 61, allegedly treated Diane Shepherd for six months before Shepherd died from complications associated with her cancer on Oct. 20. During that time, Shepherd allegedly refused chemotherapy and surgery from her family physician and instead relied on Pontius' holistic treatment.

Pontius is licensed to practice holistic medicine in other states, according to his lawyer, Denver Snuffer. However, Utah does not recognize those licenses, and Pontius' efforts to obtain a license in Utah have been denied.

"There's a lot of nontraditional medicine that's accepted throughout the world," Snuffer said. "The fact that in Utah we don't view it with much favor doesn't mean that there isn't some legitimacy to that kind of medical practice."

Pontius first met with Shepherd in Provo at the home of Francis Perry in May 2004. Shepherd had been diagnosed with cancer by her family physician a month earlier. At that time, doctors advised her to have surgery to remove two malignant lumps - one in her right breast and one under her right arm.

According to documents filed in 4th District Court in relation to Pontius' arrest, Shepherd refused the surgery and instead met monthly with Pontius to receive treatment. The treatment methods included chiropractic adjustments, eating apricot kernels and reviewing body scans.

After one body test, Pontius allegedly determined that Shepherd's cancer originated from gangrene and mercury poisoning in her teeth. Court documents say a dentist has refuted that diagnosis.

'Utah limits dramatically and enforces with criminal penalties what Utah is willing to accept as appropriate medical care,' Snuffer said. 'That's where the problem in this case arises. . . . Medicine has a monopoly, and it's enforced by the licensing department from the state of Utah.'

Shepherd also received periodic checkups from an oncologist, who informed her that if she did not receive prompt treatment for her condition she would die by October, according to an arrest affidavit filed in the case. The affidavit states Pontius discouraged Shepherd from receiving chemotherapy because it 'kills both the good and bad cells and makes people sick.'

Following complaints filed in August by Shepherd's husband regarding Pontius' unconventional treatment of his wife, the Utah Division of Occupational and Professional Licensing began investigating the situation and subsequently secured an arrest warrant for Pontius.

On Thursday, Pontius posted a $10,000 bail for the three charges of unlawful and unprofessional conduct. His first hearing is set for Thursday, Dec. 2, at 1:30 p.m. in 4th District Court in Provo.

Featured Internship Opportunity (chiro marketing)

My comments are in [brackets]

Featured Internship Opportunity - Discover Chiropractic & Wellness Center:

We are a chiropractic and wellness center offering holistic alternatives for health care. Dr. Larson is trained in both sports massage therapy and chiropractic. Gabe Firman is our full time massage therapist. We have been open at this location for 11 months.


Marketing Intern

As a member of our highly trained 'screen team' the marketing assistant will be responsible for educating [brainwashing] the public about the benefits of chiropractic & wellness [regular lifetime "adjustments", even when there are no symptoms] care. Goal is to increase membership [a practice "member" is a patient] through development of promotional campaigns. Training includes roll playing scripts [more about scripts] and learning about chiropractic.

Discover Chiropractic and Wellness Center is looking for a few motivated interns that want to learn about sales and marketing [that's what chiropractic is all about] first hand. 'Work for yourself' and earn bonuses [is this even legal?]. We set up booths at malls, festivals, fairs, etc.... shifts are typically 5 hrs long. We only schedule these events sporadically (on weekdays & weekends). You should be comfortable [no conscience or moral misgivings] speaking to the public and we will teach you what to say about chiropractic care. This is a sales and marketing internship. You would need to commit yourself for at least six months. We will pay $8 an hour plus a $25 bonus per new patient who signs up for care. You will also receive complementary chiropractic care [even the intern is primed to become another "member" hooked on chiroquackery] and a great reference from Dr. Lars Eric Larson. The more you book appointments the more you help people get healthy [there is no proof that regular adjustments have any effect on general health], feel better and you earn great money! You must be out going and self motivated. We need team players that are willing to commit as much as 6 weeks in advance for scheduling shifts.

**********************************

Welcome to the woo-woo land of chiroquackery! Believe it or not, this is par for the course with subluxation based chiros. Chiropractic is to science, what Scientology is to religion. Chiropractic is just as much a pseudoscience, as Scientology is a pseudoreligion. They are both in it for the money, but disguise it as something else.

ProAdjuster - chiropractic tool

Here's a quick analysis of the "Guided Tour" at ProAdjuster. Take the tour yourself.


1. Chiropractic

* Comment: Of course. Do you know of any other profess... (oops!...I mean business...) that makes up this kind of stuff AND then openly sells the brainwashing tools to other chiros?

2. Expansion: "The average practice expands 27% in the first 12 weeks."

* Comment: Pure practice building. Nothing about getting people well, but only about making more people think they're getting well.

3. Retention: "The average improvement in retention is 30% in 12 weeks."

* Comment: Rather nonsensical. Why retain people in treatment, if they are getting better faster? They should be discharged faster. But "wellness" care is all about getting asymptomatic people to fear impending illness if they miss their appointments. Such patients become good compliers. The PVA (patient visit average) of such chiros is quite high, while the ethical chiros have a low PVA. They get their patients better faster, and don't retain them.


Report of findings:

* "People relate the progress of their care with symptoms."

* "Unmatched patient compliance beyond symptoms."



Translation:

* "Report of findings" = a brainwashing tool."

* Patient compliance" = faithful adherance to *all* chiro recommendations, regardless of how ridiculous or inconvenient

* "Beyond symptoms" = so-called "wellness" care, continuing treatment in the absence of symtoms.


Intended purpose:

Thus we see that the intended purpose of the "report of findings" is to brainwash people into *not* relating "the progress of their care with their symptoms", but with the claims made by their chiropractor. They are then brainwashed into believing that they should continue their care, even in the absence of symptoms. No wonder many insurance companies specifically exclude "wellness" "maintenance" care from coverage. How do these chiros then get payment? They transform their practices into cash practices, which are gradually becoming the norm in chiropractic. In fact, a cash practice is often a quack practice. It's a red flag. Beware!

So many questions....about FSU chiropractic school

With minor editorial additions for the sake of this blog, here's just one of my entries in an HF list discussion from Sun, 21 Nov 2004 12:14:39 +0100


----------------------------------------------------------------

> And here is the biggee....what if the school does not adopt
> the ACC Paradigm? Or decides to not allow any form of
> interference from the ACA, ICA, or WCA?
>
> Remember, the report staunchly suggested that the school
> at FSU not involve itself with the political problems of the
> profession.
>
> And what about.....SUBLUXATION? What about a lot of
> those "other" technique systems?
>
> So many questions.
>
>
> T. M. DC


Yes indeed, "So many questions"...........

Let's say - for hypothetical purposes - that FSU creates a chiro school where chiropractors were turned out without any quacky tendencies, who were excellent at differential diagnostic procedures, looked at the whole person (as opposed to looking at the whole person through "spinal eyeglasses"), knew what was their "turf" (and didn't expand into other's turf), referred out when appropriate, were not anti-medical, anti-AMA, anti-FDA, anti-science, ant-vax, were not *wellness, subluxation-based*, etc.

Let's also (unrealistically) assume - for hypothetical purposes - that these particular FSU chiros would be accepted by MDs, PTs, and the rest of the healthcare system, as appropriately educated chiros, free of any taints of real chiropractic (as represented by ALL of the rest of the schools and ALL of the other chiros in the world, with very few exceptions.....enough to count on two hands....). IOW these chiros would be an affront to the rest of chirodom. They would also be attacked by the rest of chirodom as not being "real" chiros. In fact, they *wouldn't* be real chiros! (Which might lead them to hide their real identity by keeping their chiroskeptical views to themselves when around other chiros.)

Now - for hypothetical purposes - what *uncovered, unique and essential role* would they fill in the healthcare system? Would it be worth the cost of a whole chiro school? Would it be worth the cost and energy of all the political battles that would ensue in and out of the profession?

Above all-------!! Would the ensuing confusion be worth the cost to the public? Since these few FSU chiros would be considered legitimate by the MDs and PTs, the chiropractic profess... (oops! I mean business...;-) *might* even, for purposes of political convenience and exploitation of a good story, extol these as typical chiros (which would be anything but the truth).

Once acceptance has been gained by these FSU DCs, hell will be dragged in on the train of their bridal gown. In fact, the rest of the profession will gain blanket approval by hiding *under* their bridal gown, only to go out and carry on with chiroquackery "business as usual".

It would be like Fallujah. What if the allied forces had found one citizen who was *not* a Saddam sympathizer? I'm sure such exist (very quietly!). That person then receives a pass that says, "Achmed DC is found to be trustworthy. He and all his family shall be escorted out of the city before we attack. They are trustworthy." Then all of the DC family follows Achmed out of the city (95% of the population is in the DC family, and 95% of them have their weapons hidden under their clothes). They then set up shop in other towns and resume their terrorist attacks. What does Achmed do? He shrugs his shoulders and hopes he survives.

I propose that if Achmed DC (Al Adams, DC) is truly discerning about *all* the issues regarding chiroquackery, he will not stop with establishing a good program at FSU. He will immediately realize that he's backing a lost cause, and he will go all the way, by recommending that the chiro school not be established at all. In fact he will openly begin attempts to clean up the profession, rooting out the "terrorists" in his own DC family.

Even if he could turn out a few good chiros at FSU, they wouldn't be real chiros, and they wouldn't fill an *uncovered, unique and essential role*. They would be misfits, puzzle pieces that don't fit.

No need for chiropractic

The existing health care system has no need or room for a separate health care profession such as chiropractic. What little good it may have to offer can and is being offered by other existing professions (without brainwashing!), most notably Physical Therapists. When the dirty bath-water in the chiropractic bathtub gets thrown out, the baby that is left in the tub is what PTs already do in cooperation with MDs.

If chiropractic has anything good that is not being offered, it can easily be incorporated into the regimens of these existing professions. Scientifically grounded health care professions who are loyal team players have the right and obligation to adopt methods proven to be scientifically valid from anywhere they are found, and then incorporate them into their regimens, without it legitimizing the quackish practitioners and schools of thought that may have originally been associated with these methods. Although a pearl may be found in a rubbish heap, that is no reason to move the heap into the house!

It may be asked: "Aren't there some redeeming qualities about chiropractic?" No, not as a profession. It is troublesome and expendable. As individuals, DCs are just as different as any other professionals. While most of them are experts at SMT, and when it is truly necessary can perform it with good results, that does not justify the existence of their profession.

I once wrote this comment:

"IMHO, NACM-minded DCs need to abandon the old "ship" completely and find another name for their new "ship"."

To which a reform-minded chiropractor responded:

"They can't... it's already called 'physical therapy.' In fact, PTs
represent perhaps the greatest potential threat to 'chiropractic' and
chiropractors that I can think of (besides insight, that is). If they as
a group ever decided to 'embrace' manipulative therapy by adding to
their baseline requirements for graduation, after the battle-dust
between the professions cleared, there would be no requirement for a
separate profession called 'chiropractic.' IOW, whatever it is that
chiropractors CLAIM is valid biomedically about what they do, the
so-called (and much overrated) 'baby' in chiropractic's turbid
bath-water, would ALREADY be a part of what physical therapists could
offer. And that, as they say, would be that.

"But, this is wishful thinking on _my_ part ;')". END QUOTE

I think he's right. I still support all attempts to reform the profession, but I also think that it is ultimately futile effort. What such reform attempts can do positively is to make the public and susceptible chiropractors and students aware of the dangers and pitfalls. Attempts at reform should be seen as a rescue mission, not for the profession, but for those in danger of being tricked into accepting it.


DISCLAIMER: I definitely don't think of chiros as terrorists, but only used the current situation for purposes of illustration. Not all "tables" used as illustrations can stand on all four legs!


Check out the whole thread. A very enlightening discussion.

Proposed School of Chiropractic at Florida State University

FSU Report: School of Chiropractic


The Chiropractic Profession and Its Research and Education Programs

Model Chiropractic Education Programs

Alternatives for Chiropractic Clinical Training at Florida State University

Programs and Strategies to Recruit Minorities in Chiropractic Education

Best Models for Preparing Chiropractors for Providing Health Care to Seniors and Underserved Populations

Facilities Needs for a Chiropractic School at Florida State University

Costs of Chiropractic Education

Implementation Plan for a School of Chiropractic Education at Florida State University

Note: you will need Adobe® Acrobat® Reader™ a free, and freely distributable, software that lets you view and print Adobe Portable Document Format (PDF) files. You can get it at http://www.adobe.com/products/acrobat/readstep2.html